Context for motion 2: The Canadian legislature has considered amending its laws on free speech. The amended law would allow Canada’s Human Rights Tribunal to impose large fines on those it deems to have used hateful language. The tribunal has in the past taken an expansive view of what counts as hateful, and defendants would enjoy fewer safeguards than they do under criminal law. The other proposed change would let individuals file legal complaints against people pre-emptively, if they fear that they may be about to say something hateful.

Burna Boy is one of the most successful African Artists, spearheading the popularisation of afrobeats globally. He was invited to perform at Coachella, one of the most prominent American music festivals in 2019 - one of only 3 African Artists invited that year. Coachella's official poster starts with the headliner and then other artists are listed in decreasing font, a tradition followed for years. Burna Boy's name was mentioned on the poster in very small print, and he called out the organisers on social media for disrespecting an 'African Giant.' When he did perform at Coachella, the audience numbers were very underwhelming.

Mirroring is the performance or reversal of stereotypically misogynist actions by women, often for feminist purposes: eg. reverse cat-calling.

SWIFT is a messaging network that financial institutions use to securely transmit information and instructions through a standardized system of codes. SWIFT does not hold any funds or securities, nor does it manage client accounts and merely focuses on verifying information of transactions by providing secure financial messaging services to more than 11,000 banks in over 200 countries. Currently, only certain Russian Banks have been removed from SWIFT.

Recently, global oil prices surged to historical highs in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This came on the back of an already severe energy crisis, as oil exporting nations had not increased production meaningfully despite global demand recovering faster-than-expected from the pandemic. This has resulted in several countries ramping up the production of carbon fuels like coal, and increasing their calls for the production of more crude oil. If followed, however, this would make the chances of achieving the current global climate policy targets considerably bleaker.

Israel and UAE signed the Abraham Accord Treaty on September 15, 2020. The treaty recognises each state's sovereignty, obliges the two states to exchange ambassadors and conclude bilateral agreements on several topics including visa agreements, business deals and much more. For years normalisation of Arab-Israeli relations had been contingent on Palestinian independence or large guarantees of rights to them by the Israeli government.

In England, The Fan Led Review of Football Governance has officially recommended the introduction of an Independent Regulator of English Football (IREF). The body would be set up by legislation and would thus have statutory powers, and would be independent of the in-house football governance institutions like the English FA, FIFA or UEFA. It is expected to intervene in poorly run clubs, and oversee various financing decisions made across English football, including but not limited to wage caps, and transfer levies.

Entrapment is a practice in which a law enforcement agent or agent of the state induces a person to commit a "crime" that the person would have otherwise been unlikely or unwilling to commit.